Use the terrain to control Water before scaling it
This concept follows official Water behavior: contain it in a basin, shorten the route, and keep the mixing zone visible so leaks and evaporation show up early.
Concept: give Water a contained depression close to the material you want to wet, seal diagonal corners, and minimize uncontrolled travel across flat ground.
This concept follows official Water behavior: contain it in a basin, shorten the route, and keep the mixing zone visible so leaks and evaporation show up early.

Water is easier to debug when it has a contained basin, a short route, and a visible mixing zone instead of a long uncontrolled trip across flat terrain.
Exact Pump count, pipe footprint, and whether a closed loop is worth building still depend on the map and the scale of the factory. Use this as a handling pattern first, then tune the route around your terrain.
The safest answer is to contain it first, keep the route short, and place the useful contact zone close enough that leaks, evaporation, and missed mixing are visible before they become a larger factory problem.
Large visible volume does not help if Water leaks through corners, spreads over flat ground, or reaches heat and turns into Steam before it does useful work. Route control matters more than apparent size.
Source note: This recommendation is source-based, not an independently benchmarked build.
Official source